shock
英 [??k]
美 [?ɑk]
- n. 休克；震驚；震動；打擊；禾束堆
- vt. 使休克；使震驚；使震動；使受電擊；把…堆成禾束堆
- vi. 感到震驚；受到震動；堆成禾束堆
- adj. 濃密的；蓬亂的
- n. (Shock)人名；(英)肖克
助記提示
音譯“休克”，指醫學中一種比較嚴重的危及生命的身體狀態，循環體統不能正常工作，血液無法有效供給重要器官，人也往往會處于昏迷狀態。
中文的“休”本意為“停歇”、“中止”，可以讓人聯想到身體機能暫停，況且古人在絕境時常說“我命休矣”，也會給人一種瀕死感。而“克”表示“戰勝”，可以引申為“殺”，況且由于五行的生克說，“克”給人一種不祥的感覺。總體而言，“休克”二字怎么看都是大兇之兆，用來翻譯這種嚴重的生理狀態也算貼切。
中文詞源
shock 震驚，震動，震蕩，休克可能來自中古荷蘭語 schokken,搖動，搖晃，猛拉，猛推，來自 Proto-Germanic*skakana,搖動， 顫動，來自 PIE*skek,搖動，搖晃，詞源同 shake.引申諸相關詞義。
英文詞源
- shock
- shock: English has two words shock in current general usage. Shock ‘heavy blow, unpleasant surprise’ [16] was borrowed from French choc, a derivative of the verb choquer ‘strike’, whose origins are unknown. Shock ‘thick shaggy mass of hair’ [19] is a nominalization of an earlier adjective shock ‘thick and shaggy’ [17], but it is not clear where this came from. It has been linked with the obsolete shough, which referred to a sort of dog, and another possibility is that it is connected with the now little used shock ‘stack of sheaves of corn’ [14]. This was probably borrowed from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German schok.
- shock (n.1)
- 1560s, "violent encounter of armed forces or a pair of warriors," a military term, from Middle French choc "violent attack," from Old French choquer "strike against," probably from Frankish, from a Proto-Germanic imitative base (compare Middle Dutch schokken "to push, jolt," Old High German scoc "jolt, swing").
Meaning "a sudden blow" is from 1610s; meaning "a sudden and disturbing impression on the mind" is from 1705. Sense of "feeling of being (mentally) shocked" is from 1876. Medical sense is attested from 1804 (it also once meant "seizure, stroke," 1794). Shock-absorber is attested from 1906 (short form shocks attested by 1961); shock wave is from 1907. Shock troops (1917) translates German sto?truppen and preserves the word's original military sense. Shock therapy is from 1917; shock treatment from 1938. - shock (n.2)
- "bundle of grain," early 14c., from Middle Low German schok "shock of corn," originally "group of sixty," from Proto-Germanic *skukka- (cognates: Old Saxon skok, Dutch schok "sixty pieces; shock of corn;" German schock "sixty," Hocke "heap of sheaves"). In 16c.-17c. English the word sometimes meant "60-piece lot," from trade with the Dutch.
- shock (n.3)
- "thick mass of hair," 1819, from earlier shock (adj.) "having thick hair" (1680s), and a noun sense of "lap dog having long, shaggy hair" (1630s), from shough (1590s), the name for this type of dog, which was said to have been brought originally from Iceland; the word is perhaps from the source of shock (n.2), or from an Old Norse variant of shag (n.). Shock-headed Peter was used in 19c. translations for German Struwwelpeter.
- shock (v.1)
- "to come into violent contact, strike against suddenly and violently," 1570s, now archaic or obsolete, from shock (n.1). Meaning "to give (something) an electric shock" is from 1746; sense of "to offend, displease" is first recorded 1690s.
- shock (v.2)
- "arrange (grain) in a shock," mid-15c., from shock (n.2). Related: Shocked; shocking.
雙語例句
- 1. The violence in her tone gave Alistair a shock.
- 她語氣之強烈令阿利斯泰爾深感震驚。
來自柯林斯例句
- 2. It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!
- 從那個屏幕上看到我的臉，真讓人驚愕不已。
來自柯林斯例句
- 3. The shock waves yesterday were felt from Las Vegas to San Diego.
- 昨天從拉斯維加斯到圣迭戈都感覺到了這幾股沖擊波。
來自柯林斯例句
- 4. The documentary left me in a state of shock.
- 那部紀錄片使我大為震驚。
來自柯林斯例句
- 5. The shock waves of the earthquake were felt in Teheran.
- 地震帶來的沖擊波在德黑蘭也能感覺到。
來自柯林斯例句