英語單詞

tartar是什么意思

tartar

英 ['tɑ?t?] 美 ['tɑrt?]

n. 韃靼人（蒙古人和突厥人）；兇悍的人；難對付的人
adj. 韃靼的

暢通詞匯

中文詞源

tartar 酒石，牙石，牙垢

來自希臘語 tartaron,釀酒后覆蓋于酒桶的沉淀物，酒石，可能最終來自閃語。引申詞義牙石，牙垢。

Tartar 韃靼，暴君，殘暴者

來自拉丁語 Tartarus,韃靼人，蒙古人，來自波斯語 Tatar,韃靼，特別是用于指成吉思汗，最終來自 Tata,韃靼，蒙古族自稱。由于 13 世紀，成吉思汗橫掃歐洲，給歐洲人留下了極強的心理陰影，因而引申諸多野蠻詞義。其拼寫受到原拉丁語 Tartarus 影響。

英文詞源

tartar (n.): "bitartrate of potash" (a deposit left during fermentation), late 14c., from Old French tartre, from Medieval Latin tartarum, from late Greek tartaron "tartar encrusting the sides of wine casks," perhaps of Semitic origin, but if so the exact source has not been identified. The purified substance is cream of tartar. Used generally in 17c. of encrustations from liquid contact; specific meaning "encrustation on teeth" (calcium phosphate) is first recorded 1806.
Tartar: mid-14c. (implied in Tartary, "the land of the Tartars"), from Medieval Latin Tartarus, from Persian Tatar, first used 13c. in reference to the hordes of Ghengis Khan (1202-1227), said to be ultimately from Tata, a name of the Mongols for themselves. Form in European languages probably influenced by Latin Tartarus "hell" (e.g. letter of St. Louis of France, 1270: "In the present danger of the Tartars either we shall push them back into the Tartarus whence they are come, or they will bring us all into heaven").

The historical word for what now are called in ethnological works Tatars. A Turkic people, their native region was east of the Caspian Sea. Ghengis' horde was a mix of Tatars, Mongols, Turks, etc. Used figuratively for "savage, rough, irascible person" (1660s). To catch a Tartar "get hold of what cannot be controlled" is recorded from 1660s; original sense not preserved, but probably from some military story similar to the old battlefield joke:
Irish soldier (shouting from within the brush): I've captured one of the enemy.
Captain: Excellent! Bring him here.
Soldier: He won't come.
Captain: Well, then, you come here.
Soldier: I would, but he won't let me.
Among the adjectival forms that have been used are Tartarian (16c.), Tartarous (Ben Jonson), Tartarean (17c.); Byron's Tartarly (1821) is a nonce-word (but a good one). Tartar sauce is first recorded 1855, from French sauce tartare.

雙語例句

1. You are hereby appointed Sub-Lieutenant RNVR of HMS Tartar.: 你被任命為皇家海軍艦艇“韃靼人”號的皇家海軍志愿后備隊中尉。

2. She can be quite a tartar.: 她有時真是個悍婦。

3. The central Tartar city gate ( the Chienmen ), was still in its original form.: 內城中央的城門 ( 前門 ) 仍舊保持著原來的樣子.

4. He sat silent still caressing Tartar , who slobbered with exceeding affection.: 他不聲不響地坐在那里,不斷撫摸著韃靼, 它由于獲得超常的愛撫而不淌口水.

5. A Colonel Azizov, a swarthy, sardonic, pipe - smoking Tartar, awaited Levchenko.: 一個叫阿基佐夫的上校, 在等著列夫欽科. 他皮膚黝黑, 面帶譏諷表情, 嘴里叼著煙斗, 是個韃靼人.

tartar是什么意思

tartar

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